Te Tirohanga Tauhokohoko o te Ao mō te Haurua Tuarua o te tau 2023: Te Whakatere i te Pōhēhē
E whakaatu ana ngā pūrongo hou mai i ngā umanga o te ao pēnei i te Huihuinga Hokohoko me te Whakawhanaketanga o te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua o te Ao (UNCTAD) me te Whakahaere Hokohoko o te Ao (WTO) i tētahi tirohanga ātaahua ki te tirohanga hokohoko o te ao. Ahakoa e kī ana ngā tohu motuhake kei te ora haere ngā mekameka tuku taonga o te ao i pakaru i te mate urutā, me ngā whakapainga e kitea ana i roto i te korenga o ngā taonga kaihoko kore-tino me ngā whakaroa tuku, e matapaetia ana ka pāngia e te puhoi o te tipu hokohoko o te ao i te hauwhā tuarua. Ki te titiro whakamua, kāore i te tino pai ngā tirohanga hokohoko mō te haurua whakamutunga o te tau, me ngā matapae e tohu ana ka heke pea te tipu hokohoko ā-tau ki raro i ngā taumata o mua. E matapaetia ana e te WTO he pikinga iti o te rahinga hokohoko taonga o te ao mō te tau 2023, he iti iho i te toharite 2.6% i kitea i roto i ngā tau 12 kua hipa.
Ina whakaarohia ngā mōrearea ka pā ki te hokohoko o te ao me ngā mekameka tuku i ngā marama e haere ake nei, ka whakahuahia ngātahitia e ngā umanga o te ao kua whakahuatia ake nei ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te puhoi o te ōhanga o te ao, te pikinga o te utu, te ngangau o te mākete pūtea, me ngā taupatupatu whenua. I whakanuia e te Kaiwhakahaere Matua o te WTO, a Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, i tana whai wāhi atu ki te Huihuinga Raumati Davos 2023 i Haina, kāore e taea e te ao te utu i ngā momo "wehewehe me te momotu". E ai ki ngā whakatau a te WTO, ko te tiakitanga hokohoko mō te wā roa me te unilateralism ka hua ake he mate ōhanga o te ao 5%, me ngā whenua whakawhanake ka pāngia pea e te mate o te 12% ki te 14%.
Heoi, i waenganui i tēnei āhuatanga, kei te puta mai he māramatanga o te tumanako mai i Kōrea ki te Tonga. I te 1 o Hūrae, i tukuna e te Manatū Tauhokohoko, Ahumahi, me te Pūngao ngā raraunga e whakaatu ana i eke a Kōrea ki te Tonga ki te $1.13 piriona tāra i te marama o Hune, koinei te tāra tuatahi o ia marama mai i Pēpuere 2022. Mai i Maehe 2022 ki Mei 2023, i pāngia a Kōrea ki te Tonga e ngā hapa hokohoko mō ngā marama 15 karapīpiti. E whakaatu ana ngā tatauranga ko ngā kaweake a Kōrea ki te Tonga i te marama o Hune i eke ki te $54.24 piriona, he hekenga 6.0% i whakaritea ki te wā kotahi o te tau kua hipa, ko ngā kawemai i te marama o Hune i eke ki te $53.11 piriona, e whakaatu ana i te hekenga 11.7% ia tau.
I roto i te ao hokohoko o te ao, ko ngā raraunga hokohoko a Kōrea ki te Tonga he tohu matua mō te ōhanga o te ao, ā, ka tapaina ko "canary in the waro mine". Hei tāpiri, ko ngā kaweake a Kōrea ki te Tonga, ko ngā hua matua pēnei i ngā semiconductors, ngā whakaaturanga, me te hinu kua parakorehia, he tohu nui mō te tono pakihi me te hangarau o te ao.
Ahakoa rā, he rerekē ngā whakamārama mō te hekenga o te hiahia mō ngā taonga o Kōrea ki te Tonga. Ina koa, i a tātou e whakatata atu ana ki Hūrae me Ākuhata, ehara nei i te wā tino nui o ngā hokohoko, kāore anō kia tino mārama mēnā kua tae te hekenga o ngā kaweake ki raro. E kī ana a Moon Junghiu, he tohunga ōhanga i te Peeke o Kōrea, ahakoa kei te taurite, kei te heke rānei ngā kaweake, ko te pātai nui hei whakaaroaro ko te mea ka whai te whakaoranga i te ara "āhua-V" "āhua-L" rānei.
E matapaetia ana e Roger, he tohunga i roto i te umanga tuku utanga me te nui o te wheako i California, ka hoki mārire ngā rahinga kawemai ki te United States mai i ō rātou taumata iti o nāianei mai i te hauwhā tuatoru. I taua wā tonu, e kī ana a Chris Rogers, te Tumuaki o te Rangahau Mekameka Tuku i S&P Global Market Intelligence, kua tata te whakahoki mai o ngā mekameka tuku i te āhua noa o ngā mahi, ngā taonga, me ngā wā o te tau. Heoi, e whakatūpato ana ia kei te tūpono mai ngā āwangawanga mō ngā kaupapa here a te kāwanatanga me ngā mōrearea ā-tinana i te mea ka tīmata ngā kamupene ki te whakarite anō i ngā mekameka tuku mō te wā roa, inā koa i te haurua whakamutunga o te tau 2023.
I te nuinga o te wā, kua kitea te whakaoranga o ngā rahinga me ngā tauira o ngā uta i te haurua tuatahi o te tau 2023, me te mea nei kua hoki anō ki ngā taumata o mua. I te marama o Mei, i heke te kawemai o ngā uta uta moana i roto i ngā ipu o Amerika mā te 27% i te tau; heoi, he 2% noa iho te teitei ake o tēnei whika i te toharite mō ngā marama ōrite mai i te tau 2016 ki te 2019, i mua i te mate urutā. Mai i te tirohanga o ngā taonga, he paku nui ake ngā taonga hanga i te toharite mō te hauwhā tuatahi o te tau 2023, i te mea kua eke te taonga o ngā taonga kua oti te hanga ki tētahi āhua taurite. Ki te titiro ki ngā raraunga pūtea, e kitea ana ko te ōwehenga taonga-ki-te hoko mō ngā kamupene hokohoko tere e hangai ana ki ngā taumata i mua i te mate urutā, engari ko ngā kaiwhakarato taputapu whare, ngā kaihoko hanga, me ngā kaihanga hua hiko kei te whawhai tonu ki ngā taumata taonga teitei, e whakaatu ana i te puhoi o te tono kaua ki tētahi huarahi whakahaere hou "mō ngā take".
Hei whakamutunga, i runga i ngā pūrongo me ngā tātari raraunga kua whakahuatia ake nei, e kitea ana kei te pā tonu ngā āwangawanga me ngā mōrearea nui ki ngā mekameka hokohoko me ngā mekameka tuku o te ao ahakoa te whakaoranga āta haere o te ōhanga o te ao mai i te pānga o te mate urutā. Heoi anō, ko te whakatutukitanga a Kōrea ki te Tonga i te toenga hokohoko ā-marama i te marama o Hune e tohu ana i te whakaoranga āta haere o te ōhanga i roto i ētahi rāngai. I te haere tonu, me mahi tahi me te whakanui ake i te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā kāwanatanga me ngā pakihi o te ao hei tiaki i ngā painga takitahi me te whakatairanga i te pumau me te whanaketanga pumau i roto i te ōhanga o te ao.
Te wā tuku: Hōngongoi-10-2023